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01:59, 2007-Sep-15
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cigarettes emit 4000 toxic substances, according to (Switzerland's) Federal Office of Public Health (1994, p. 1). Klaassen and Wong (1993) write in their article on radiation in the the Encyclopaidia Britannica: "The largest non-occupational radiation sources are tobacco smoke for smokers and indoor radon gas for the nonsmoking population" (vol. 25, p. 925). Martell (1982) writes in a letter published in the New England Jounal of Medicine: "Indoor radon decay products that pass from room air through burning cigarettes into mainstream smoke are present in large, insoluble smoke particles that are selectively deposited at bifurcations. Thus, the smoker receives alpha radiation at bronchial bifurcations from three souces: from indoor radon progeny inhaled between cigarettes, from 214Po [polonium214] in mainstream smoke particles, and from 210Po[polonium-210] that grows into 210Pb [lead-210]-enriched particles that persist at bifureations. I estimate that the cumulative alpha dose at the bifureations of smokers who die oflung cancer is about 80 rad (1600 rem)-a dose sufficient to induce malignant transformation by alpha interactions with basal cells"(p.310). Evens (1993) writes in an article entitled "Cigarette smoke = radiation hazard": "In 1 year a smoker of 1 to 2 packs per day will irradiate portions of his or her bronchial epithelium with about 8 to 9 rem. This dose can be contrasted with that from a standard chest x-ray film of about 0.03 rem. Thus, the average smoker absorbs the equivalent of the dosages from 250 to 300 chest x-ray films per year" (p. 464). Strangely enough, the radioactivity of Cigarettes smoke is rarely mentioned in the majority of the articles dealing with the toxicity of this product. Abelin (1993), who provides a list of the different forms of cancer provoked by cigarettes, also notes that low-tar cigarettes have a lower risk factor than normal cigarettes.
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